Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the leading immunological cause of kidney allograft loss, yet its humoral origins are incompletely understood.

B cells and the antibodies they secrete are increasingly recognised as more than bystanders in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Beyond antigen presentation and support for T ...

Immune-mediated protection generated to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is associated with anti-Spike (S) protein neutralizing antibodies. However, humoral immunity is compromised in B cell depleting (BCD) ...

B cells are crucial component of humoral immunity, and their role in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) has garnered significant attention in recent years. These cells hold great potential and ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulation in humoral immunity and sustained activation of B cells and autoantibody release, where BAFF (B-cell ...

B lymphocytes exhibit dual roles in tumorigenesis, acting as both allies and adversaries in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their anti-tumor functions include recognizing tumor-associated antigens, ...

Xenotransplants, or xenografts, are viewed as one solution to the growing problem of the inadequate supply of human organs and as a source of cells, tissues, and organs that show promise for treating ...