Glycogen, a hyperbranched polymer of glucose, plays a central role as an energy reserve across diverse organisms. In Escherichia coli, its biosynthesis is linked not only to energy storage but also to ...

Proteins form the structural and functional backbone of the cell, and any perturbation in their synthesis can disrupt normal cellular functions. The DNA blueprint is carefully read, transcribed, and ...

The process of translation by ribosomes, which functions as a factory of protein synthesis, may be impeded by ‘ribosome arrest peptides’ (RAPs). However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

But when antibiotics are ineffective, some rod-like bacteria, such as E. coli, elongate as a stress response, lengthening ...