Analysis of operative data with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is expected to improve the knowledge and professional skills of surgeons. Identification of objects in videos recorded during ...

Precision is the paramount issue in surgical instruments. Traditional surgical forceps often suffer from issues related to physiological hand tremors and the nonlinear relationship between clamping ...

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including robotic surgery, has become increasingly common 1. MIS that uses scopes to observe internal anatomy is preferred for many surgical procedures because a ...