T-box riboswitches are multi-domain noncoding RNAs that surveil individual amino acid availabilities in most Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes directly bind specific tRNAs, query their aminoacylation ...

The essential deamination of adenosine A 34 to inosine at the wobble base is the individual tRNA modification with the greatest effects on mRNA decoding, empowering a single tRNA to translate three ...

In 1965, Cornell biochemist Robert Holley deciphered the 77 nucleotide sequence of transfer RNA. Three years later, Holley was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work, but already the race to determine ...

Genetic medicine has made huge progress over the past two decades. Gene therapy, gene editing, and mRNA treatments are now approved for a growing number of conditions. These approaches focus on fixing ...